Mazleha binti Maskin

MAZLEHA BINTI MASKIN

Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment FOR the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

Faculty Science and Technology
UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
BANGI

MAZLEHA BINTI MASKIN

Tesis yang dikemukakan untuk memperoleh
Ijazah Doktor Falsafah

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi
UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
BANGI

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged.

11 November 2021	MAZLEHA BINTI MASKIN P77777

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any individual or organization that has rendered any sort of special assistance in the preparation of the thesis should be acknowledged by the candidate.

The text of the acknowledgement should not exceed one page. Dedications are not allowed. The acknowledgement should include:

Praise to God

Name of supervisors

The faculty/institute/school/department where the research was held

Financial sponsors

General dedication

Example: Praise to Allah the almighty,…

I am very fortunate to have Associate Professor Dr Faizal Mohammed as my research supervisor.

I would like to express my high appreciation to my co-supervisor Dr Irina Kuzmina, …

I gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by JPA under Hadiah Latihan Persekutuan (HLP) 2014,

Moreover, I am grateful to Malaysian PSA team,

I would like to thank all post graduate students of UKM power research group for their help, friendship, and creating a pleasant working environment throughout my years in UKM.

To my dearest husband, Mr Kamal, my beloved Mak, Puan Hajjah Masumi binti Surat, …

ABSTRAK

The length of the abstract should be between 200 to 350 words. The abstract should include the following information: (1) Statement of the problem/ Research questions; (2) Aim of the study; (3) Study area (if relevant); (4) Research method; (5) Results of the study (findings such as a new theory, terminology, technology, interpretation, product, or evaluation, should be concisely stated); (6) Contribution to the field;
(7) Implications on policy (if relevant)

[Please discard after reading] An abstract should not include the following information: Additional content, corrections or any information not contained in the text of the thesis. Additional tables, illustrations and references. Detailed explanations of experiments, organisms, standard procedures, techniques and instruments. References and literature review:

[Please discard after reading] A thesis written in English should have its translation abstract in Bahasa Melayu (without title), followed by abstract in English (without title). The translations should not exceed 350 words.

ABSTRACT

The recent changes in utility structures, development in renewable technologies and increased

[Please discard after reading] Manually unbold preliminary page number after Update Field: Especially FINAL version for hardbind / faculty check TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DECLARATION	iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	iv

ABSTRAK	v

ABSTRACT	vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS	vii

LIST OF TABLES	x

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS	xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS	xii

LIST OF CASES	xiii

CHAPTER I	Introduction

1.1	Research Background	1

1.2	Problem Statement	2

1.3	Objective of Research and Scope of Works	3

1.3.1	General Objective	3

1.3.2	Specific Objective	4

CHAPTER II	Literature Review

2.1	Introduction	5

2.2	Scope of Research	5

2.3	Problem Statement	7

2.4	Research Objective	7

2.4.1	General	7

2.4.2	Specific	7

CHAPTER III	Methodology

3.1	Research Background jscdsc ksnkanxka aksnanx akxnaknx aklsxaksnxa aklxnaksx xkasx askxnasl	9

3.2	Problem Statement	9

3.3	Research Objective	9

3.3.1	General	10

3.3.2	Specific	10

3.4	Scope of Research	10

CHAPTER IV	Results and Discussion

4.1	Research Background	12

4.2	Problem Statement	12

4.3	Research Objective	12

4.3.1	General	12

4.3.2	Specific	13

4.4	Scope of Research	13

CHAPTER V	Conclusion and Future Works

5.1	Problem Statement	15

5.2	Research Objective	15

5.2.1	General	15

5.2.2	Specific	16

5.3	Scope of Research	16

CHAPTER VI	In Text Citation [Panduan Penulisan gaya UKM 2015]

6.1	Writing Complete Reference Data for Book	17

6.1.1	Single author (including pen names)	17

6.1.2	Co-authors	17

6.1.3	New Editions and Reprints [Ed. = Edition]	18

6.1.4	Works that are Known by their Titles	18

6.1.5	References to the al-Hadith according to the Compiler of the Al-Hadith	19

6.2	Compilations [comp. = compiler]	19

6.2.1	Edited works [ed. = editor]	19

6.2.2	Coordinated works [coord. = Coordinator]	19

6.2.3	Works in a series of Volumes [Vol. = volume]	20

6.2.4	Translations [Trans. = translation]	20

6.2.5	Pen names	20

6.2.6	Monographs	20

6.2.7	Chapter in a Book [In]	21

6.2.8	Works without a Date of Publication (n.d.) / Place of Publication (s.l.) / Publisher (s.n.)	21

6.3	Public Documents	22

6.3.1	Published public documents	22

6.4	Articles in Journals	25

6.4.1	Single author	25

6.4.2	Co-authors	25

6.4.3	Titles of Journals That Have Been Abbreviated	26

6.5	Articles in Proceeding / Post-Conference Publications	26

6.6	Articles in Magazines / Bulletins	27

6.7	Articles / News in Newspapers / Letters to the Editor	27

6.7.1	Article with name of author/writer	27

6.7.2	Writer’s name not given	27

6.8	News Reports in Newspapers	28

6.8.1	News/article with writer’s name	28

6.8.2	News report/article without writer’s name	28

6.8.3	Letters to the editor	28

6.9	General References to Newspapers	28

6.10	Films, Video and Slides	29

6.10.1	Films	29

6.10.2	Video	29

6.10.3	Slides	29

6.10.4	Songs and musical compositions	30

6.11	Unpublished Material	30

6.11.1	Thesis or academic exercise	30

6.11.2	Original Manuscript	31

6.11.3	Working paper, abstract for conference etc	31

6.11.4	Laporan Teknik	31

6.11.5	Meetings: Working paper, report and minutes of meeting	31

6.11.6	Interviews	32

6.11.7	Software Manual	32

6.11.8	Software	32

6.11.9	Electronic reference materials	32

References	34

Appendices

Appendix A	Questionnaire	43

Appendix B	Please give a title for this Appendix	44

Appendix C	Please give a title for this Appendix	45

Appendix D	Put a title here	46

LIST OF TABLES

Table No.	Page

Table ‎2.1	First table in specific objective for Chapter II	6

Table ‎2.3	First table in specific objective for chapter II	7

Table ‎2.4	Second table in specific objective for chapter II and the title is long, very long so that caption-justify can be use	8

Table ‎3.1	First table in specific objective for Chapte II	10

Table ‎3.2	Second table in specific objective for Chapter II and the title is long. Very long so that caption-justify can be use	10

Table ‎4.1	First table in specific objective for Chapter II	13

Table ‎4.2	Second table in specific objective for Chapter II and the title is long, very long so that caption-justify can be use	13

Table ‎5.1	First table in specific objective for Chapter II	16

Table ‎5.2	First table in specific objective for Chapter II	16

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure No.	Page

Figure ‎1.1	First figure	2

Figure ‎1.2	Second figure	3

Figure ‎1.3	Third figure	3

Figure ‎3.1	Give this figure a title (using Style: 15a Caption-Center)	11

Pictures No.	Page

[Please discard after reading] The List of Figures should contain all the titles of the illustrations (maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, algorithms, etc) and Pictures (photographs, slides, micrographs, graphics, animations, drawings, etc). The titles must be worded exactly as they appear in the text of the thesis. The list of illustrations should be numbered according to the chapters.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AELB	Atomic Energy Licensing Board

IAEA	International Atomic Energy Agency

UKM	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

[Please discard after reading] Symbols are a systematic representation of specific values/relationships/unity/ agreement They are always used in writing related to particular fields to represent operations, quantities, elements or qualities. They include mathematical/statistical symbols, nomenclature, units, and information technology icons.. The list of symbols, abbreviations, nomenclature, terminology and glossary should begin on a new page after the LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Its arrangement is according to alphabetical order.

LIST OF CASES

Abdul Karim bin Abdul Ghani v Legislative Assembly of Sabah [1988] 1MLJ171	220
Abdul Wahab bin Sulaiman v Commansant, Tanglin Detention Barracks [1985] 1MLJ418	200
Adelaide Co of Jehovah’s Witnesses Inc v Commonwealth [1943] 67CLR116	220
Assa Singh v Menteri Besar, Johore [1969]2MLJ30	331
B Surinder Singh Kanda v Government of the Federation of Malaya [1962 ]MLJ169	160
Datuk Harun bin Haji Idris v PP [1977] 2MLJ155	290
Dewan Undangan Negeri Kelantan & Anor v Nordin bin Salleh & Anor [1992] 1MLJ697	298
Ex parte Rossminster [1980] AC152	235

[Please discard after reading] The list is arranged in alphabetical orderd. Remove this page if it is not relevant.

Introduction

Research Background

In the recent years, the electrical utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide.

إِلَىَ سَبِيِلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَدِلْهُو بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِه وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْـــتَدِينَ

Meaning:

Invite (all) to the Way of your Lord with wisdom and goodly exhortation and argue with them in a good way. Surely your Lord knows best who has strayed from His path and He knows best those who receive guidance.

Pamphleteers, libel awards and free speech‟ (2006) 1 (1) Help Law Review 41, p 50.

Figure ‎1.1	First figure

In the recent years, the utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide. Apa kabare

لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْ جُواْ اللهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الأَخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللهَ كَثِيرًا

Meaning:

Indeed, there is for you in the Messenger an excellent example, for those whose hope is (Cause) of Allah and (reward) in the Hereafter, and they also remember Allah much (in hard and happy times).

Problem Statement

As a high penetration

Figure ‎1.2	Second figure

Objective of Research and Scope of Works

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

Figure ‎1.3	Third figure

General Objective

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

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Sub-sub-sub Title

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On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables,

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You

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Specific Objective

Aminuddin (1990:253) suggest:

Insiden-insiden kritis yang mengandungi unsur-unsur kepimpinan yang berlaku dalam masa pemimpin karismatik ini menguruskan umatnya secara jarak jauh dalam hubungan dengan khalayak ramai, dengan kelompok kecil atau dengan umatnya secara individu perlu digali daripada perbendaharaan sejarah Islam untuk membolehkan kita menarik kesimpulan tentang proposisi-proposisi Islam tentang kepimpinan dan menimba hipotesis-hipotesis yang boleh diuji.

Source: Name (Year)

Literature Review

Introduction

According to Global English Newsletter (2002);

The knowledge business is becoming increasingly global. In science, technology, medicine, economics, and other social sciences, disciplinary knowledge is mediated through international journals, conference English plays a central role in the construction of such global knowledges

Source: ______

Scope of Research

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks.

Table ‎2.1	First table in specific objective for Chapter II

Title Left	Tajuk center	Tajuk center	Tajuk kanan	Tajuk kanan	Tajuk kanan
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
… to be continued

… continuation
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right
Contents left	Contents centre	Contents centre	Contents right	Content right	Contents right

Source: Gas Asli Malaysia 2009

Problem Statement

As a high penetration

Research Objective

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

General

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

…(‎2.1)

Referring to the Equation ‎2.2 below, ….

…(‎2.2)

Specific

Table ‎2.3	First table in specific objective for chapter II

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Heading 4

Heading 5

Table ‎2.4	Second table in specific objective for chapter II and the title is long, very long so that caption-justify can be use

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Sumber: Anon 2020

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On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks.

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks.

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Methodology

Research Background jscdsc ksnkanxka aksnanx akxnaknx aklsxaksnxa aklxnaksx xkasx askxnasl

In the recent years, the electrical utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide. Coincident

In the recent years, the utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide.

Problem Statement

As a high penetration

Referring to Equation ‎3.1, ….

…(‎3.1)

Research Objective

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

General

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

Specific

Table ‎3.1	First table in specific objective for Chapter II

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Heading 4

Heading 5

Table ‎3.2	Second table in specific objective for Chapter II and the title is long. Very long so that caption-justify can be use

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Scope of Research

Figure ‎3.1	Figure title (using Style: 15c Caption-Source because no Source)

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document.

Figure ‎3.1	Give this figure a title (using Style: 15d Caption-Figure-Center)

Source: Anon 2020 (Style: 15c Caption-Source)

Results and Discussion

Research Background

In the recent years, the electrical utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide.

In the recent years, the utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide.

Problem Statement

As a high penetration

Research Objective

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

General

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

Specific

On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks.

Table ‎4.1	First table in specific objective for Chapter II

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Heading 4

Heading 5

Table ‎4.2	Second table in specific objective for Chapter II and the title is long, very long so that caption-justify can be use

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Scope

of Research

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add.

You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally

For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar. Click Insert and then choose the elements you want from the different galleries.

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Conclusion and Future Works

In the recent years, the electrical utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide.

In the recent years, the utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process worldwide.

Problem Statement

As a high penetration

Research Objective

This research focuses on the development of new techniques for

General

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On the Insert tab, the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert tables, headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building blocks. When you create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also coordinate with your current document look.

Specific

Table ‎5.1	First table in specific objective for Chapter II

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Heading 4

Heading 5

Table ‎5.2	First table in specific objective for Chapter II

Title left	Title center	Title center	Title center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center
Contents left	Contents center	Contents center	Contents center

Scope of Research

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add.

In Text Citation [Panduan Penulisan gaya UKM 2015]

Writing Complete Reference Data for Book

Single author (including pen names)

(Arena Wati 1991)

Arena Wati. 1991. Memoir Arena Wati: Enda Gulingku. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Brown 1988)

Brown, R. 1988. Topology: A Geometric Account of General Topology, Homotopy Types and The Fundamental Groupoid. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Limited.

(Ibn Hazm 1983)

Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad cAli ibn Ahmad ibn Sacid. 1403H/1983. Jamharat Ansab al-carab. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-cIlmiyyah.

(Miller 1989)

Miller, R.K. 1989. The Informed Argument. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Javonich Publishers.

(Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud 2000) or (Nik Anuar 2000)

Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud. 2000. Konfrontasi Malaysia Indonesia. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Co-authors

(Abdul Samad Hadi et al. 2006) or (Abdul Samad et al. 2006)

Abdul Samad Hadi, Shaharudin Idrus, Ahmad Fariz Mohamed & Abdul Hadi Harman Shah. 2006. Perubahan Persekitaran dan Kemudahterancaman Lembangan Langat. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Ahmad Kamal Ariffin & Shahrir Abdullah 2000) or (Ahmad Kamal & Shahrir 2000)

Ahmad Kamal Ariffin & Shahrir Abdullah. 2000. Pengiraan Berangka Kejuruteraan. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Corcoran & Fischer 1987)

Corcoran, K. & Fischer, J. 1987. Measures for Clinical Practice: A Source Book. New York: The Free Press.

(Smith et al. 1982)

Smith, M., Beck, J., Cooper, C.L., Cow, C., Ottaway, D. & Talbot, R. 1982. Introducing Organizational Behaviour. London: MacMillan.

New Editions and Reprints [Ed. = Edition]

(Buckley 1965)

Buckley, C.B. 1965. An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore. Ulang cetak. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.

(Cohen 1977)

Cohen, J. 1977. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. Edisi semak. New York: Academic Press.

(Shaharir Mohamad Zain 1990) or (Shahrir 1990)

Shaharir Mohamad Zain. 1990. Beberapa Masalah Permulaan dalam Sains Hayat dan Perubatan. Edisi ke-2. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Works that are Known by their Titles

Al-Quran

(Cumulative Bibliography of Asian Studies 1972)

Cumulative Bibliography of Asian Studies, 1941–1945: Subject Bibliography. 1972. Vol. 4. Boston: G.K. Hall.

(“The Encyclopedia of Islam” 1960)

The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 1960. 2nd Ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Kamus Dewan. 1991. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Oxford Regional Economic Atlas: The Middle East and North Africa. 1960. London: Oxford University Press.

References to the al-Hadith according to the Compiler of the Al-Hadith

(“al-Tabrani Sulayman ibn Ahmad” 1894)

al-Tabrani, Sulayman ibn Ahmad. 1311H/1894. Al-Mucjam al-Saghir. Delhi: al-Matbacah al-Ansari.

Compilations [comp. = compiler]

(Farid 1982)

Farid M. Onn (comp.). 1982. Dinamisme dalam Pengajaran, Penyelidikan dan Pentadbiran Universiti. Working Paper 2. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Hamzah Hamdani (comp.). 1980. Esei Sastera Baharuddin Zainal. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

(Muhamad Hasan Tok Kerani Mohd Arshad 1968) or (Muhamad Hassan 1968)

Muhamad Hasan Tok Kerani Mohd Arshad. 1968. Al-tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah. Revised compilation by Mohd Zahid Shah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Edited works [ed. = editor]

(Jamaluddin Md Jahi 2000) or (Jamaluddin 2000)

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi (ed.). 2000. Pengurusan Persekitaran di Malaysia: Isu dan Cabaran. Bangi, Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Jamaluddin Md. Jahi et al. 2001) or (Jamaluddin et al. 2001)

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor & Abdul Hadi Harman Shah (eds.). 2001. Environmental Management 2000. Bangi: Centre for Graduate Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Coordinated works [coord. = Coordinator]

Othman Ismail (coord.). 1990. Peristilahan dan Penulisan Sains. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Sharifah Barlian Aidid (coord.). 1990. Siri Bacaan Pelajar Utusan: Epidemik. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distribution Sdn. Bhd.

Sulaiman Masri & Zainal Abidin Bakar (coords.). 1989. Kertas Kerja Seminar Penggunaan Istilah Sains. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Works in a series of Volumes [Vol. = volume]

(Abu Osman Md. Tap 1987)

Abu Osman Md. Tap. 1987. Matematik Pertama. Vol. 1. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

(Abu Osman Md. Tap 1988)

Abu Osman Md. Tap. 1988. Matematik Pertama. Vol. 2 & 3. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Translations [Trans. = translation]

(Battle & Shannon 1978)

Battle, J.A. & Shannon, R.L. 1978. Gagasan Baru Ilmu Pendidikan. Trans. Jakarta: Penerbit Mutiara.

(Fraleigh 1988)

Fraleigh, J.B. 1988. Kursus Pertama Aljabar Niskala. Trans. by Abu Osman Md. Tap & Abdul Razak Salleh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Pen names

(Arena Wati 1991)

Arena Wati. 1991. Memoir Arena Wati: Enda Gulingku. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Keris Mas 1979)

Keris Mas. 1979. Tiga Puluh Tahun Sekitar Sastera. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Monographs

(Harriet Wong et al. 1990)

Harriet Wong, Hazita Azman & Lee Siew Chin. 1990. English Language Proficiency. Monograf 3, Language Center, UKM. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Smail 1964)

Smail, J.R.W. 1964. Bandung in the Early Revolution 1945-1946: A Study in the Social History of the Revolution. Modern Indonesian Project Monograph Series. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Chapter in a Book [In]

(Abdul Latiff Mohamad 2000) or (Abdul Latiff 2000)

Abdul Latiff Mohamad. 2000. Kesan pembangunan sosio-ekonomi ke atas kepelbagaian biologi khususnya spesies tumbuhan endemik di Malaysia. In Jamaluddin Md. Jahi (ed.). Pengurusan Persekitaran di Malaysia: Isu dan Cabaran, pp. 72–103. Bangi: Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Fleishman 1973)

Fleishman, I.A. 1973. Twenty years of consideration and structure. In Fleishman, I.A. & Hunt. J.G. (eds.). Current Development in the Study of Leadership: Selected Readings, pp. 1–37. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

(Shamsuddin Suhor 2004) or (Shamsuddin 2004)

Shamsuddin Suhor. 2004. Celik alam sekitar: Pengurusan di peringkat isi rumah. In Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, Kadir Arifin & Azahan Awang (eds.). Alam Sekitar dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Malaysia, pp. 196–211. Bangi: Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Zainal Abidin Abdul Wahid 1964) or (Zainal Abidin 1964)

Zainal Abidin Abdul Wahid. 1964. Malaysia, South-East Asia and world politics. In Wang Gungwu (ed.). Malaysia: A Survey, pp. 365–374. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.

Works without a Date of Publication (n.d.) / Place of Publication (s.l.) / Publisher (s.n.)

al-Fakhiri, Muhammad ibn cUmar. n.d. al-Akhbar al najdiyah. cAbd Allah ibn Yusuf al-Shibl (ed.). al-Riyad: Matabic Jamicat al-Imam Muhammad ibn Sucud al-Islamiyyah.

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Bakr al-Zarci al-Dimishqi. n.d. Acalam al-Muwaqicin can Rabb al-calamin. Jil. 4. Muhammad Muhyi al-Din cAbd al-Hamid (ed.). Mesr: s.n.

al-Syafici, Muhammad ibn Idris. n.d. Al-Umm. Vol. 7. s.l.: s.n.

al-Tabari, Abu Jacfar Muhammad ibn Jarir. n.d. Ikhtilaf al-fuqaha’. Bayrut: Dar al Kutub al-cIllmiyyah.

Public Documents

Published public documents

Parliament and State assembly

Acts of Parliament

(Malaysia 1990a)

Malaysia. 1990a. Bernama Act 1967 (Revised 1990). (Act 449).

(Malaysia 1974)

Malaysia. 1974. Environmental Quality Act. (Act 127).

Enactments of State Assemblies

(Dewan Undangan Negeri Pahang 1987)

Dewan Undangan Negeri Pahang. 1987. Enakmen Pentadbiran Ugama Islam dan Adat Melayu Pahang No. 8/82 (Pindaan 1987).

Parliamentary Debates (Statements or Hansard)

(Dewan Rakyat Malaysia 1984)

Dewan Rakyat Malaysia. 1984. Perbahasan Rang Undang-Undang Mesin Cetak dan Penerbitan. Penyata Rasmi Dewan Rakyat 2(12): 1792–1850. Parlimen Keenam Penggal Kedua.

Reports and Documents (Parliamentary Papers)

(Dewan Rakyat Malaysia 1986)

Dewan Rakyat Malaysia. 1986. Peristiwa Memali. Parliamentary Paper 21, 1986.

(Dewan Rakyat Malaysia 1988)

Dewan Rakyat Malaysia. 1988. Ke Arah Memelihara Keselamatan Negara. Parliamentary Paper 14, 1988.

Government publications (Federal and state gazettes)

Federal Government Gazettes

(Federated Malay States 1926)

Federated Malay States. 1926. Government Gazette 18(12): Notification No. 3178.

(Federated Malay States 1939)

Federated Malay States. 1939. Sedition Enactment 1939 (Enactment No. 13 of 1939). Government Gazette 31(23).

(Malaysia 1981)

Malaysia. 1981. Akta Tanah (Kawasan Penempatan berkelompok) (Pindaan) 1981. Warta Kerajaan 25 (8 Addendum 1).

(Malaysia 1990b)

Malaysia. 1990b. Akta Kehakiman 1964 (Akta 91). Warta Kerajaan 34(26): Circular No. 10926.

State Government Gazettes

(Johor 1990)

Johor. 1990. Akta Eksais 1976: Peraturan peraturan Eksais (Lembaga Pelesenan) 1977. Warta Kerajaan Negeri Johor 34(1).

Federal Government Reports

(Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia 1990)

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. 1990. Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Tingkatan III: Pendidikan Islam.

(Malaysia 2006)

Malaysia. 2006. Ninth Malaysia Plan 2006-2010.

(Ministry of Finance Malaysia 2001)

Ministry of Finance Malaysia. 2001. Economic Report 2001/2002: 63-77.

Committee reports

(Jawatankuasa Tetap Bahasa Malaysia 1987)

Jawatankuasa Tetap Bahasa Malaysia. 1987. Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Malaysia. 2nd Ed. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

(Jawatankuasa Tetap Bahasa Malaysia 1991)

Jawatankuasa Tetap Bahasa Malaysia. 1991. Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah Bahasa Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Unpublished public documents

(Board’s Collection 1827)

Board's Collection. IOR F/4/1069 (29204) 1828, 1829. 1827. Norman McIntyre’s letter to the Secretary to the Government, Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 9 August 1827.

CO 273/657/50601. 1939. Governor of the Straits Settlements Sir T.S.W. Thomas’s letter to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Malcolm MacDonald, 24 January 1939.

(Straits Settlements Records 1806)

Straits Settlements Records. IOR G/34/13. 1806. A.B. Bone’s letter to H.R. Pearson, Secretary to the Government, Prince of Wales Island, 29 January 1806.

(Straits Settlements Records 1826)

Straits Settlements Records. NL13 A32. 1826. S.G. Bonham’s letter, Acting Resident of Singapore, to John Anderson, Secretary to the Government, Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 23 December 1826.

Documents of international organizations

United Nations

(United Nations 1974)

United Nations. 1974. The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States. General Assembly Resolution 321, 29. UN G.O.A.R Supplement. (No. 31), 50, UN Document A/9361. New York: United Nations.

(United Nations 1986)

United Nations. 1986. Report of the Committee on Information. General Assembly Official Records. Forty-first Supplement No. 21 (A/41/21). New York: United Nations.

UNESCO

(UNESCO 1960)

UNESCO. 1960. DirectorGeneral of UNESCO Report. Paris: UNESCO.

IAEA

(IAEA 1995)

IAEA. 1995. Coordinated Research Programme on Assessment of Environmental Exposure to Mercury in Selected Human Populations. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.

WHO

(WHO 1991)

WHO. 1991. Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Articles in Journals

Single author

(Andanastuti Muchtar 2000) or (Andanastuti 2000)

Andanastuti Muchtar. 2000. Gabungan pelekukan dan pelenturan dalam penjanaan nilai keliatan patah seramik alumina. Journal Institute of Materials Malaysia 1(2): 51–66.

(Samad 2004)

Samad, S.A. 2004. Digital domain design of cascaded wave digital filters with tunable parameters. Iranian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 3(2): 1–5.

Co-authors

(Andanastuti Muchtar et al. 2002) or (Andanastuti 2002)

Andanastuti Muchtar, Lim, L.C. & Lee., K.H. 2002. Finite element analysis of Vickers indentation cracking processes in brittle solids using elements exhibiting cohesive post failure behaviour. Journal of Materials Science 38(2): 235–243.

(Hamzah, Mohamed & Hussain 2004)

Hamzah, N., Mohamed, A. & Hussain, A. 2004. A new approach to locate the voltage sag source using real current component. Journal of Electric Power System Research 72: 113–123.

(Kadir Arifin et al. 2005) or (Kadir et al. 2005)

Kadir Arifin, Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Ismail Bahari, Abd Rahim Md. Nor & Abu Bakar Che Man. 2005. Sistem pengurusan bersepadu: satu pengenalan. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management 6: 3–22.

(Law Chung Lim et al. 2003) or (Lim et al. 2003)

Law Chung Lim, Siti Masrinda Tasirin & Wan Ramli Wan Daud. 2003. A new drying model based on drying periods. Drying Technology 21(9): 1703–1722.

(Marcos Marcelo & Lia 2000)

Marcos, A.M.L., Marcelo, R. & Lia, H. 2000. Quality certification and performance of Brazilian firm: an empirical study. International Journal of Production Economics 66: 143–147.

(Mohamed et al. 2015)

Mohamed, F., Hassan, A., Yahaya, R., Rahman, I., Maskin, M., Praktom, P. & Charlie, F. 2015. Operator reliability study for probabilistic safety analysis of an operating research reactor. Annals of Nuclear Energy 80: 409–415.

Titles of Journals That Have Been Abbreviated

(Brown & Higgins 1978)

Brown, R. & Higgins, P.J. 1978. On the connection between the second relative homotopy groups of some related spaces. Proc. London Math. Soc. 36(3): 193–212.

Articles in Proceeding / Post-Conference Publications

(Kadir Arifin et al. 2003) or (Kadir et al. 2003)

Kadir Arifin, Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Abu Bakar Che Man, Ismail Bahari & Abd Rahim Md Nor. 2003. Perlaksanaan sistem pengurusan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (OHSAS 18001:1999) di Malaysia: isu dan cabaran. Prosiding Pengurusan Persekitaran 2003, pp. 107–115.

(Rahmat et al. 2002)

Rahmat, R.A., Jumari, K., Hassan, A. & Basri, H. 2002. Intelligent traffic control with image processing sensor. Proceeding of the 2nd World Engineering Congress, pp. 339–344.

Articles in Magazines / Bulletins

(Ismail Hamid 1990) or (Ismail 1990)

Ismail Hamid. 1990. Sastera kitab. Dewan Sastera Mei: 79–83.

(Laupa Junus 2006) or (Laupa 2006)

Laupa Junus. 2006. RazakSAT dilancar ke angkasa lepas tahun ini. Estidotmy Februari: 10–11.

(Nik Mohd Nasri Ismail 1991) or (Nik Mohd Nasri 1991)

Nik Mohd Nasri Ismail. 1991. Punca ketidaksuburan lelaki. Sihat Julai: 24–25.

Articles / News in Newspapers / Letters to the Editor

Article with name of author/writer

(Gunasegaran 2006)

Gunasegaran, P. 2006. Overworked students: give the kids chance to relax. New Straits Times, 21 February: 20.

(Hashnan Abdullah 2006) or (Hashnan 2006)

Hashnan Abdullah. 2006. Mangsa tragedy asrama runtuh selamat pulang. Utusan Malaysia, 2 February: 3.

(Mohamed Idris 2006)

Mohamed Idris, S.M. 2006. Commercial vehicle drivers: procedures need review. New Straits Times, 16 February: 18.

(Zabry Mohamad 2006) or (Zabry 2006)

Zabry Mohamad. 2006. Roti canai, teh tarik tidak ke angkasa lepas? Utusan Malaysia, 3 February: 1.

Writer’s name not given

(Anon. 1992)

Anon. 1992. Peningkatan kes belia tidak membayar balik pinjaman. Utusan Malaysia, 30 October: 10.

(Anon. 2006a)

Anon. 2006a. Kelantan ambil langkah segera bendung JE. Utusan Malaysia, 2 February: 5.

(Anon. 2006b)

Anon. 2006b. Siapa angkasawan pertama Malaysia? Estidotmy, 22 February:10–11.

News Reports in Newspapers

News/article with writer’s name

(Ooi Tee Ching & Ganesan 2004)

(Suffian A. Bakar 2005)

News report/article without writer’s name

(Ooi Tee Ching & Ganesan 2004) or (Ching & Ganesan 2004)

Ooi Tee Ching & Ganesan, V. 2004. Tourism set to rake in RM30b in receipts. New Straits Times, 28 May: B1.

(Suffian A. Bakar 2005) or (Suffian 2005)

Suffian A. Bakar. 2005. Pemegang saham syer rombak Lembaga Pengarah. Berita Harian, 5 August: 17.

Letters to the editor

(Fidani 1992)

Fidani. 1992. Jangan salahkan imam, bilal saja. Surat. Berita Harian, 30 October: 13.

(Izhab 1992)

Izhab, Z. 1992. Effective reading is the way to ensure success of science students. Surat kepada Editor. New Straits Times, 25 January: 9

(Mohd Fauzi Zahat 2006) or (Mohd Fauzi 2006)

Mohd Fauzi Zahat. 2006. Denda tinggi mampu buat pemandu serik. Surat. Berita Harian. 3 February: 12.

General References to Newspapers

Berita Harian. 2005. 28 November.

New Straits Times. 2005. 31 December.

The Star. 2003. 2 June.

Utusan Malaysia. 2004. 10 & 17 September.

Films, Video and Slides

Films

(Ali Baba Bujang Lapok 1960)

Ali Baba Bujang Lapok. 1960. Filem. Singapura: Shaw Brothers.

(Buli Balik 2006)

Buli Balik. 2006. Filem. Kuala Lumpur: Grand Brilliance Sdn. Bhd., Vision Works Sdn. Bhd. & Tall Order Productions Sdn. Bhd.

(Caves: The Dark Wilderness n.d.)

Caves: The Dark Wilderness. n.d. Filem. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corporation.

(My Name is Nadra (Natrah) Not Bertha 1992)

My Name is Nadra (Natrah) Not Bertha. 1992. Documentary drama. Singapura: Singapore Broadcasting Corporation.

Video

(Geophysical Techniques n.d.)

Geophysical Techniques. n.d. Video. Milton Keynes: Open University.

(Language and Verbal Skills 1976)

Language and Verbal Skills. 1976. Video. Virginia: Association for Retarded Citizen.

(Syed Arabi Idid 1989)

Syed Arabi Idid. 1989. Bergelut ke Parlimen: Ampang Jaya dalam pilihanraya. Documentary video. Jabatan Komunikasi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Slides

(Deacon 1975)

Deacon, J.E. 1975. The Galapagos Island: Birds. Slaid. New York: Harper & Row.

(Energy Generation and Storage n.d.)

Energy Generation and Storage. n.d. Slaid. Singapore: Toppan Company.

(Investigations in Life Science: Man and Nature n.d)

Investigations in Life Science: Man and Nature. n.d. Slaid. Colorado: Crystal Productions.

Songs and musical compositions

(Mozart 1770)

Mozart, W.A. 1770. “Coronation” mass in C, “Exultate Jubilate: K. 317. Slovak Philharmonic Chorus and Orchestra, Janos Ferencsik (konduktor), Laserlight Series 14 098. Santa Monica: Delta Music Incorporated, 1993.

Unpublished Material

Thesis or academic exercise

(Alfitra Salam 1999) or (Alfitra 1999)

Alfitra Salam. 1999. Kerjasama dan potensi konflik dalam hubungan Indonesia-Malaysia 1966–1991. Ph.D. Tesis, Jabatan Sejarah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Howie 1977)

Howie, J. 1977. Topics in the theory of groupoids. Ph.D. Tesis, University of London.

(Kadir Arifin 2004) or (Kadir 2004)

Kadir Arifin. 2004. Integrasi sistem pengurusan kualiti (ISO 9001:2000), sistem pengurusan persekitaran (ISO 14001:1996) dan sistem pengurusan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (OHSAS 18001:1999): Ke arah pelaksanaan dan pembentukannya di Malaysia. Ph.D. Tesis, Program Pengurusan Persekitaran, Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

(Mann 1968)

Mann, A.E. 1968. The palaeodemography of Australopithecus. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

Original Manuscript

Hamzah Fansuri. n.d. Sharab alc Ashiqin. MSS. Cod. Or. 7291(11), University Leiden Library.

Working paper, abstract for conference etc

(Kadaruddin Aiyub & Kadir Arifin 2001) or (Kadaruddin & Kadir 2001)

Kadaruddin Aiyub & Kadir Arifin. 2001. Globalisasi, perniagaan dan alam sekitar: cabaran untuk industri kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia. First National Conference on the Keusahawanan dan Perniagaan Kecil. Organised by Sekolah Pengurusan, Institut Pembangunan Keusahawanan, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Langkawi, 8–9 September.

(Kadir Arifin et al. 2004) or (Kadir et al. 2004)

Kadir Arifin, Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Ismail Bahari & Abd Rahim Md. Nor. 2004. Sistem pengurusan bersepadu: ke arah kesedaran alam sekitar organisasi di Malaysia. Working Paper in National Seminar on Geography and Environment 2004. Organised by Program Geografi, Fakulti Seni dan Muzik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Tanjong Malim, Perak, 3–4 July.

Laporan Teknik

(Che Husna Azhari & Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff 1990) or (Che Husna & Wan Mohtar 1990)

Che Husna Azhari & Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff. 1990. Penghidrogenan selanjar minyak olein sawi mangkin emas dan platinum. Final report UKM 69/85.

(Mohd. Kidin Shaharan 1991) or (Mohd. Kidin 1991)

Mohd. Kidin Shaharan. 1991. Kegunaan submartingale dalam masalah storan. Technical Report 5. Pusat Pengajian Kuantitatif, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Meetings: Working paper, report and minutes of meeting

(Bahagian Pendidikan Guru 1989)

Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. 1989. Pendekatan baru tugas dan tanggungjawab pensyarah maktabmaktab perguruan Malaysia. Working Paper on The Second Meeting of the Malaysian Teachers College Principals. Lumut, Perak D.R., 7–9 August.

(Laporan Unit Pengurusan dan Pentadbiran (URT) 1988)

Laporan Unit Pengurusan dan Pentadbiran (URT). 1988. The Second Meeting of the Malaysian Teachers College Principals. Maktab Perguruan Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 15-16 September.

Minutes of the Modern Language Association Meeting. 1989. Lumut, Perak D.R., 7–9 August.

Interviews

(Abdullah Mohd. Salleh 1999) or (Abdullah 1999)

Abdullah Mohd. Salleh. 1999. Sejarah penubuhan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Interview, 12 May.

Software Manual

(ADAMS.Flex 2012)

ADAMS.Flex 2002. 2012. Using ADAM/Flex. Ann Arbor: Mechanical Dynamics Incorporated.

(MSC.Nastran 2011)

MSC.Nastran. 2011. Quick Reference Guide. Santa Ana: MSC. Software Corporation.

Software

(ABAQUS/EXPLICIT 2009)

ABAQUS/Explicit. 2009. Version 6.5. Providence: ABAQUS Inc.

(MATLAB 2008)

MATLAB. 2008. Version 7.1. Massachusetts: Math Works Inc.

Electronic reference materials

(Clark 1999)

Clark, J.K. 1999. Humidity sensor. Journal of Physics 2(2): 9–13 http://www.cit.edu/phys/sensor.html [20 July 1999].

(Crane 1997)

Crane, N. 1997. Electronic sources: MLA style of citation. http://www.uvm.edu/~ncrane/estyle/mla.html [31 July 2000].

(Kawasaki 1996)

Kawasaki, J.L. 1996. Computer administered surveys in extension. Journal of Extension 33(3): 204–210. http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html [18 November 1999].

(Medical Information Group 1998)

Medical Information Group. 1998. Arsenic contamination of drinking water. http://www.angelfire.com/ak/medinet/arsenic.html [4 July 2000].

(Pritzer n.d.)

Pritzer, T.J. n.d. An early fragment from central Nepal. http://www.ingres.com/~astanart/pritzker/pritzker.html [5 June 2000].

(Howell & Carlton 1993)

Howell, V. & Carlton, B. 1993. Growing up tough: new generation fights for its life: Inner city youths live by rule of vengeance. Birmingham News (CD-ROM) 1A. 1994 SIRS/SIRS 1993 Youth/Jil. 4/Makalah 56A [20 July 2000].

(Clark 1993)

Clark, J.K. 1993. Complication in academia: sexual harassment and the law. Siecus Report 21(6): 6–10. (CD-ROM). 1994 SIRS/SIRS 1993 School/Jil. 4/ Makalah 93A [13 June 1995].

References

Al-Quran. ~ Al Quran need to be on the top: The list of references is arranged alphabetically except for the Qur’an.

ABAQUS/Explicit. 2009. Version 6.5. Providence: ABAQUS Inc.

Abdul Latiff Mohamad. 2000. Kesan pembangunan sosio-ekonomi ke atas kepelbagaian biologi khususnya spesies tumbuhan endemik di Malaysia. In Jamaluddin Md. Jahi (ed.). Pengurusan Persekitaran di Malaysia: Isu dan Cabaran, pp. 72–103. Bangi: Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Abdul Samad Hadi, Shaharudin Idrus, Ahmad Fariz Mohamed & Abdul Hadi Harman Shah. 2006. Perubahan Persekitaran dan Kemudahterancaman Lembangan Langat. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Abdullah Mohd. Salleh. 1999. Sejarah penubuhan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Interview, 12 May.

Abu Osman Md. Tap. 1987. Matematik Pertama. Vol. 1. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Abu Osman Md. Tap. 1988. Matematik Pertama. Vol. 2 & 3. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

ADAMS.Flex 2002. 2012. Using ADAM/Flex. Ann Arbor: Mechanical Dynamics Incorporated.

Ahmad Kamal Ariffin & Shahrir Abdullah. 2000. Pengiraan Berangka Kejuruteraan. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

al-Fakhiri, Muhammad ibn cUmar. n.d. al-Akhbar al najdiyah. cAbd Allah ibn Yusuf al-Shibl (ed.). al-Riyad: Matabic Jamicat al-Imam Muhammad ibn Sucud al-Islamiyyah.

al-Syafici, Muhammad ibn Idris. n.d. Al-Umm. Vol. 7. s.l.: s.n.

al-Tabari, Abu Jacfar Muhammad ibn Jarir. n.d. Ikhtilaf al-fuqaha’. Bayrut: Dar al Kutub al-cIllmiyyah.

al-Tabrani, Sulayman ibn Ahmad. 1311H/1894. Al-Mucjam al-Saghir. Delhi: al-Matbacah al-Ansari.

Alfitra Salam. 1999. Kerjasama dan potensi konflik dalam hubungan Indonesia-Malaysia 1966–1991. Ph.D. Tesis, Jabatan Sejarah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Ali Baba Bujang Lapok. 1960. Filem. Singapura: Shaw Brothers.

Andanastuti Muchtar, Lim, L.C. & Lee., K.H. 2002. Finite element analysis of Vickers indentation cracking processes in brittle solids using elements exhibiting cohesive post failure behaviour. Journal of Materials Science 38(2): 235–243.

Andanastuti Muchtar. 2000. Gabungan pelekukan dan pelenturan dalam penjanaan nilai keliatan patah seramik alumina. Journal Institute of Materials Malaysia 1(2): 51–66.

Anon. 1992. Peningkatan kes belia tidak membayar balik pinjaman. Utusan Malaysia, 30 October: 10.

Anon. 2006a. Kelantan ambil langkah segera bendung JE. Utusan Malaysia, 2 February: 5.

Anon. 2006b. Siapa angkasawan pertama Malaysia? Estidotmy, 22 February:10–11.

Arena Wati. 1991. Memoir Arena Wati: Enda Gulingku. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. 1989. Pendekatan baru tugas dan tanggungjawab pensyarah maktabmaktab perguruan Malaysia. Working Paper on The Second Meeting of the Malaysian Teachers College Principals. Lumut, Perak D.R., 7–9 August.

Battle, J.A. & Shannon, R.L. 1978. Gagasan Baru Ilmu Pendidikan. Trans. Jakarta: Penerbit Mutiara.

Berita Harian. 2005. 28 November.

Board's Collection. IOR F/4/1069 (29204) 1828, 1829. 1827. Norman McIntyre’s letter to the Secretary to the Government, Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 9 August 1827.

Brown, R. & Higgins, P.J. 1978. On the connection between the second relative homotopy groups of some related spaces. Proc. London Math. Soc. 36(3): 193–212.

Brown, R. 1988. Topology: A Geometric Account of General Topology, Homotopy Types and The Fundamental Groupoid. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Limited.

Buckley, C.B. 1965. An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore. Ulang cetak. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.

Buli Balik. 2006. Filem. Kuala Lumpur: Grand Brilliance Sdn. Bhd., Vision Works Sdn. Bhd. & Tall Order Productions Sdn. Bhd.

Caves: The Dark Wilderness. n.d. Filem. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corporation.

Che Husna Azhari & Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff. 1990. Penghidrogenan selanjar minyak olein sawi mangkin emas dan platinum. Final report UKM 69/85.

Clark, J.K. 1993. Complication in academia: sexual harassment and the law. Siecus Report 21(6): 6–10. (CD-ROM). 1994 SIRS/SIRS 1993 School/Jil. 4/ Makalah 93A [13 June 1995].

Clark, J.K. 1999. Humidity sensor. Journal of Physics 2(2): 9–13 http://www.cit.edu/phys/sensor.html [20 July 1999].

CO 273/657/50601. 1939. Governor of the Straits Settlements Sir T.S.W. Thomas’s letter to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Malcolm MacDonald, 24 January 1939.

Cohen, J. 1977. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. Edisi semak. New York: Academic Press.

Corcoran, K. & Fischer, J. 1987. Measures for Clinical Practice: A Source Book. New York: The Free Press.

Crane, N. 1997. Electronic sources: MLA style of citation. http://www.uvm.edu/~ncrane/estyle/mla.html [31 July 2000].

Cumulative Bibliography of Asian Studies, 1941–1945: Subject Bibliography. 1972. Vol. 4. Boston: G.K. Hall.

Deacon, J.E. 1975. The Galapagos Island: Birds. Slaid. New York: Harper & Row.

Dewan Rakyat Malaysia. 1984. Perbahasan Rang Undang-Undang Mesin Cetak dan Penerbitan. Penyata Rasmi Dewan Rakyat 2(12): 1792–1850. Parlimen Keenam Penggal Kedua.

Dewan Rakyat Malaysia. 1986. Peristiwa Memali. Parliamentary Paper 21, 1986.

Dewan Rakyat Malaysia. 1988. Ke Arah Memelihara Keselamatan Negara. Parliamentary Paper 14, 1988.

Dewan Undangan Negeri Pahang. 1987. Enakmen Pentadbiran Ugama Islam dan Adat Melayu Pahang No. 8/82 (Pindaan 1987).

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F. Mohamed et. al, ‘Operator reliability study for probabilistic safety analysis of an operating research reactor’ (2015) 80 Annals of Nuclear Energy, pp 409–415.

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